Why I Am I - 961 Words

I feel the burning in my muscles after every leaden step. I pump my arms faster and faster till I can feel them no longer. I struggle to come up for air as the strength in my lungs begins to collapse. I wipe the sweat off my brow as the feeling of exhaustion quickly spreads through my body. But through it all, I keep running and I wonder, â€Å"Why am I doing this?† I first began cross country with a heart full of bitterness and a mindset doomed for failure. I never knew that the thirty-five miles I would run and the twenty-five hours I would spend each week would turn into one of my most loved passions and one of my most hated obligations. In my naivetà ©, I conceived the foolish notion that I was prepared for the trek ahead, but I was wrong. Cross Country practices were complete torture as it was absolute pain and hard work. Every day at practice, I would taste the sweat that came pouring down from my forehead onto the top of my dry, chapped lips. I would feel the burning sensation in my sides and faced the feeling of my legs ready to give out underneath me. However, no matter how my body felt, I somehow kept going. Even if we ran in the bitter cold or faced the harsh elements, I just kept running. I have experienced pain beyond my comprehension, and the impossibility of surrendering to it. I have felt that inexcusable urge to quit, and the sensation of overcoming it. I have witnessed best friends collapse in exhaustion, and rivals surpass my personal record. I have dealt withShow MoreRelatedWhy I Am I? Essay1617 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Who am I? Personally, I think this is an important question to ask myself to feel the gratitude of what I have gained in my life, thus far. Everybody starts somewhere, regardless the differences of nationality, race, belief, and language. These differences are what make each one of us unique. One of the popular Chinese idioms I learned in elementary school is â€Å"yÇ n shuÇ  sÄ « yuà ¡n†; basically, it means that we must not forget where the source or origin of the water but always appreciateRead MoreWhy I Am I?1576 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Who am I? â€Å"A question often asked by many individuals, ranging from different backgrounds, cultures and ethnicities. Each individual, in some way or another, is struggling to come to terms with this question and are looking for answers within themselves. However, this simple, yet, complex question, involves more than looking into oneself and evaluating one’s own self- identity. Lately, I have also been wondering abo ut the kind of person I am. Exploring my â€Å"Self† and â€Å"Identity,† has been a constantRead MoreWhy I Am I?1782 Words   |  8 PagesWho am I? This is a question that has been asked and pondered by people for generations. The idea of identity is a complex one. Your identity is made up of so many different things like your personal characteristics, your family, your historical background, where you were raised, and so much more. When trying to figure out who you are you have to look on a scale larger then yourself. You have to look at not only who do you say you are but who does your family say you are, who does society say youRead MoreWhy I Am I Here989 Words   |  4 PagesWhy am I here? That’s the question I’ve been asking myself since I’ve been here. I’m spending almost thirty grand on four classes, a dorm, a meal plan, and etc. Sometimes I question myself whether thirty grand is worth my time but I’m here to get an educati on from a good university. Though it’s still a lot of money that I don’t have. Though I am here undecided, I am looking to choose a vocational or a degree career will help me become succesful in the future.   Gary Gutting Wrote, â€Å"What is CollegeRead MoreA Reflection On The Self Identity Essay961 Words   |  4 PagesMirrored Self Is the person I claim to be, actually me, or is it just the person that I will be one day? My entire life I have been asked the quintessential questions, â€Å"Who are you?† or, â€Å"Tell me a little about yourself?† But there are several problems with these key questions; people never give the god’s honest truth. It is as if there is a social norm to reply by saying, â€Å"I am an ambitious person, who also enjoys having fun!† or something in close comparison. Now, after marinating in the awkwardRead MoreWho Am I? Why Am I Here?741 Words   |  3 PagesWho Am I? My name is xxxxxxxxx and I am a woman originally born in the city of xxxxxx, xxxxx. I came to the United States at age five and I recently became xxx years old on my birthday, this past xxxx x, xxxx. As a woman of Hispanic origin, I am very rich in Latin and Central American Indian culture. I grew up with my mom and aunts speaking a derivative of Pig Latin. I have a Spanish style of cooking and mostly all my plates are xxxxxx dishes. I may have grown up in the states all my lifeRead MoreDescriptive Essay About My Family1232 Words   |  5 PagesMy wife and I moved from chicago about two years ago after we got married and moves to Austin, Texas. We were in the country part of texas. We’ve been married for about two years now. I really love her she means everything to me, we are very close we do everything together. My wife and I rode our bikes every morning to get exercise or at least be active most of the time. One morning my wife couldn’t ride with me because she had an appointment, so I decided to ride by myself. We would often ride pastRead MorePoetry Close Reading: John Clares I Am1571 Words   |  7 Pagesyes/no|Tutor______________________|Date _______________| From the very beginning of John Clare’s ‘I Am’, there is an overwhelming sense of conflict, not only between the narrator and the world around them, but what is most striking and beautifully honest, is the conflict within. It is clear that the narrator, who is unnamed and unidentified in terms of gender, is struggling with life, shown through their obvious desire to leave this world and enter another; â€Å"I long for scenes where man hath never trod,† (Line 13) -spoken in theRead MoreWhy I Am I At The University Of Iowa929 Words   |  4 PagesRichmond? Why am I in the field of student affairs? Why am I at the University of Iowa? These are questions that I have to ask myself everyday and I typically answers them a different way every time. It has been a long journey for me to get where I am today and this paper will discuss those aspects that have both helped and even hindered my path at times. Many different people, events, goals and problems have helped shaped who I am today, but they are all important to who I am today. I can be genericallyRead MoreSummary Of One Two Three 2973 Words   |  12 Pagesthat a home? Is this world free? If so why should we hide? No right to be yourself. What am I? What is my substance? This pounds in her head every second of the day. Another night in the ER. Whispered Anthony I m sorry to waste your time. Wait a minute. Don t ever say that. You living and being with me is all I want. Not a waste of my time. Besides what time do I have? He said grabbing me You should go home Meli. No! For what? They don t want me. I said You can come to my house. My mom

Pablo Picassos Guernica Essay - 1395 Words

Pablo Picasso. A household name to many - be it good or bad. Pablo Picasso is one of the most famous and influential artists of the 20th century. He is best known, as pablopicasso.org states, â€Å"for co-founding the cubist movement and for the wide variety of styles embodied in his work.† This was an odd progression considering the fact that most of his younger years were spent painting in a mostly realistic style. This all began to change around the 12th century, when Picasso began to push the limits of his creativity and the mediums he experimented with. A few of these numerous mediums were oil paintings, sculpture, drawings, and even architecture. Maybe his use of a vast range of mediums was part of the reason he became so†¦show more content†¦Innocent civilians were gunned down as they fled from the town and after the siege, Guernica burned for â€Å"three days†. Pbs.org also states â€Å"Sixteen hundred civilians were killed or wounded.† This rapidly evolved into a way for Picasso to reveal a profound, troubling, and personal issue in his home country of Spain. This wildly chaotic eleven foot tall and 25.6 foot wide mural-size canvas painted in blue, black, and white oil paints; was created as a response to the Nazi’s assault on a rebellious town in Spain during the Spanish Civil War called, Guernica. Guernica illustrates for the viewer the tragedy, chaos, and suffering of war, primarily that of innocent civilians. It is this message that has made Guernica one of the most famous anti-war paintings in the world. Initially this work was a requested painting for the World’s Fair. However, Tara Pepper writes in her article for Newsweek that, â€Å"When Pablo Picasso was asked to paint the centerpiece for Spains pavilion at the 1937 Worlds Fair, no one expected him to create what remains one of arts most disquieting depictions of war.† Even with all this fame and political incentive to this painting, interpretations of Guernica still differ greatly and are highly contradictory. Pablopicasso.org thinks this maybe because of the two dominant elements of the painting, â€Å"The bull and the horse.† The bull and horse are both symbols common in Spanish art. But they are alsoShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Pablo Picassos Guernica1228 Words   |  5 Pagesfamous exa mples of using art to bring the world’s focus to a cause is Pablo Picasso’s painting, Guernica. In 1937, Francisco Franco, the ruler of Spain, allowed German and Italian planes to bomb a small town, called Guernica, in order to test their bombing tactics. Guernica became the result of Picasso’s outrage to the aerial attacks. Within the painting, he crafts symbols to represent the horror brought to the town of Guernica by the government. Picasso uses different art principles and elementsRead MoreVisual Symbolism In Picassos Guernica By Pablo Picasso911 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1937, Pablo Picasso depicts an epic event in history in his Guernica using visual symbolism, line, space, light and color which advocates to the observer the truth behind the subject matter of the artwork itself. The line used leads to specific images to tell the story; the space throughout the work is filled with many jagged and sharp shapes with an odd use of positive and negative space. The light and color illuminate the actual scene. Knowing and understanding how the artist uses these threeRead MorePablo Picasso s Influence On Art1612 Words   |  7 Pagescreate greatest arts, music and books. Pablo Picasso is one of them, who took modern art at new level. He was one of well-known artist in history .In fact, his vision and distinct creative style, some of the most innovative pieces he introduced to the art world. How does Pablo Picasso’s famous art â€Å"Guernica’ represents the history and society in his time? Most of his creations represent history and society of his time. But â€Å"Guernica,† which Picasso painted in responseRead MorePablo Picasso Essay1216 Words   |  5 Pages Pablo Picasso One of the greatest most influential artists of the 20th century, and was considered radical. His name was, Pablo Diego Josà © Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno Marà ­a de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santà ­sima Trinidad Martyr Patricio Clito Ruiz y Picasso, but we all call him Pablo Picasso. His incredibly long name was supposed to honor relatives and saints. Picasso, the father of cubism, and is remembered as a prolific artist of the twentieth century. Pablo Picasso was born on OctoberRead MorePablo Picasso- A Biography Essay1230 Words   |  5 PagesPablo Picasso was one of the most recognized and popular artist of all time. In Pablo’s paintings and other works of art, he would paint what he was passionate about and you can see his emotions take control throughout his paintings and other works of art. Pablo Picasso works of art include not only paintings but also prints, bronze sculptures, drawings, and ceramics. Picasso was one of the inventors of cubism. † Les Demoiselles dAvignon† is one of Picasso famous paintings; this is also one ofRead MoreGuernica Art Critique934 Words   |  4 Pagesconsidering the painting â€Å"Guernica† by Pablo Picasso we must first consider why the piece meets the criteria of an actual work of art. First, we define wether the piece was made by an artist and why this artist is accredited. This painting was done by Picasso, one of the most renowned painters of his time. W hen mentioning the art of painting, Picasso is the first name that comes to the forefront of many minds. All artists and people alike recognized and continue to recognize Picasso’s work as art becauseRead MoreArtwork Analysis Pablo Picasso1433 Words   |  6 Pagesreport examines the history of the artist Pablo Picasso and his famous painting of the Guernica. Artwork Analysis Report Pablo Picasso was born on October 25, 1881, in Malaga, Spain. His full name is Pablo Picasso’s gargantuan, his full name represents a variety of relatives and saints like â€Å" Pablo Diego, Josà © Francisco de Paula, Juan Nepomuceno, Marà ­a de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santà ­sima, Trinidad Martyr Patricio, Clito Ruà ­z y Picasso. Picassos mother was Doà ±a Maria Picasso y LopezRead MoreEssay about Metamorphosis Of Narcissus - Salvador Dali1214 Words   |  5 Pagesone without the other. Guemica - Pablo Picasso Pablo Picassos Guernica Pablo Picassos painting entitled Guernica has been a masterpiece of modern art since its first appearance at the World Fairs Fair of 1937. The huge mural has become an icon of Picassos work and has been interpreted in several unique ways, many of which contradict Picassos actual intentions. Artistically, the composition is balanced and is a characteristic of Picassos work; perfectly planned and flowingRead MorePablo Picasso Guernica vs. Theodore Gericaults Raft of the Medusa1633 Words   |  7 PagesMedusa, by Theodore Gericault. As time progressed people became more politically aware and involved and generations of art portrayed this. Pablo Picassos Guernica, created in 1937, is a great example of how modern times soon saw a peak in the occurrence of allegorical and politically packed artworks. Gericaults The Raft of the Medusa and Picassos Guernica are both horrifying accounts of the nature of men that aimed to alter a viewers political perception The Raft of Medusa, also known as â€Å"TheRead More Pablo Ruiz Picasso Essay634 Words   |  3 PagesPablo Ruiz Picasso Pablo Picasso was born in Malaga in 1881. Pablo was the son of a respected art teacher, and due to his father’s influence, young Pablo entered the Academy at Barcelona at age 14. This was where he painted his first great work, â€Å"Girl with Bare Feet†. After two years of schooling, Picasso transferred for even for advanced tutelage. This did not hold Picasso’s interest, so instead he spent much of his time in cafes and in brothels. Three years later, Picasso won a gold medal

Determination of Iron in Natural Water by Spectrophotometry Essay Sample free essay sample

Purpose: To find the Fe in natural H2O by spectrophotometry. Abstraction: The Fe in natural H2O was determined by using spectrophotometric analysis. That was done by mensurating the optical density of five Fe ( oPH ) 2+3 criterions at 510 nanometers. From that information. a standardization curve was plotted and used to happen the sum of Fe2+ that was in two unknown H2O samples based on the optical density readings obtained with them at 510nm. The equation of the line was found to be y=0. 1765x + 0. 0705. It was so determined that there was no Fe nowadays in H2O sample A. while for H2O sample B. the Fe was present in the proportions of 0. 9037ppm. 1. 614?10-5M and 9. 037?10-3 % . Introduction: Spectroscopy is the survey of the interaction of visible radiation or electromagnetic radiation with affair. Spectrophotometry is any technique that uses visible radiation to mensurate chemical concentrations. Electromagnetic radiation is a signifier of energy when reacted with affair. can be absorbed. reflected or refracted. and how EMR reacts with affair depends on the belongingss of the stuff. based on the frequence. wavelength. optical density etc. The electromagnetic spectrum shows representative molecular procedures that occur when visible radiation in each part is absorbed. The seeable spectrum spans the wavelength scope 380-780nm. so each part is absorbs at different wavelengths. The red-orange composite that forms between Iron ( II ) and 1. 10-phenanthroline is utile for the finding of Fe in H2O supplies. The reagent is a weak base that reacts to organize phenanthrolinium ion in acidic media. The red-orange composite that forms between Fe ( II ) and 1. 10-phenanthroline ( orthophenanthroline ) is utile in finding Fe in H2O supplies. The reagent is a weak base that reacts to organize phenanthrolinium ion. phenH+ . in acidic media. A normally used method for the finding of hint sums of Fe involves the complexation of Fe2+ with 1. 10-phenanthroline ( phen ) to bring forth an intensely ruddy orange colored complex: Fe2+ + 3phen Fe ( phen ) 32+ . Since the Fe nowadays in the H2O preponderantly exists as Fe3+ . it is necessary t o first cut down Fe3+ to Fe2+ . This is accomplished by the add-on of the cut downing agent hydroxylamine. An surplus of cut downing agent is needed to keep Fe in the +2 province ( because dissolved O will reoxidize Fe2+ to Fe3+ ) . Fe2+ is quantitatively complexed by 1. 10-phenanthroline in the pH scope from 3 to 9. Sodium ethanoate is used as a buffer to keep a changeless pH at 3. 5. If the pH is excessively high. the Fe2+ will be oxidized to Fe3+ ; if the pH is excessively low. H+ will vie with Fe2+ for the basic 1. 10-phenanthroline ( to organize phenH+ ) . Either manner. complete complexation won’t be achieved. The finding of the iron-phen composite is performed with a spectrophotometer at a fixed wavelength of 510nm utilizing external standardization based on Fe standard solutions. In the spectrophotometer. visible radiation is passed through a monochromator ( a prism. a grate. or even a filter ) to choose a scope of wavelength and some of the visible radiation may be absorbed by the sample hence givin g the transmission. which is the fraction of the original visible radiation that passes through the sample and has the scope 0 to 1. Optical density. sometimes called optical denseness. is the bosom of spectrophotometry as applied to analytical chemical science Beer-Lambert’s jurisprudence. A=ebc. where the concentration of the sample. M. way length. centimeter. measure ( epsilon ) is called the molar absorption factor. Molar absorption factor is the feature of a substance that tells how much visible radiation is absorbed at a peculiar wavelength. Both a and e depend on the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation. Attenuation of radiation as it passes through the sample leads to a transmission of less than 1. Besides soaking up by the analyte. several extra phenomena contribute to the net fading of radiation. including contemplation and soaking up by the sample container. soaking up by constituents of the sample matrix other than the analyte. and the sprinkling of radiation. To counterbalance for this loss of the electromagnetic radiation’s power. we use a method space. Method: Standard Fe solutions. Na acetate solution. 10 % hydroxylamine hydrochloride. 1-10 phenanthroline and solvent clean solutions were prepared earlier manus to utilize throughout the experiment. 2. 00. 4. 00. 6. 00. 8. 00 and 10. 00 milliliter of Fe stock solution were pipetted into five 100mL volumetric flasks. To each flask. 1mL of 10 % hydroxylamine hydrocholride. 10 milliliter of Na ethanoate and 10mL of 1. 10-phenanthroline solution was added. The mixture was allowed to stand for 10 proceedingss so made up to the grade with distilled H2O. The optical density of all five criterions solutions were determined with regard to the space at 510 nanometer. 10. 0mL of H2O sample was transferred to a 100mL volumetric flask. and treated precisely the same manner as the criterions. mensurating the optical density with regard to the space. Consequences: Concentration of Fe ( oPH ) 2+| Optical density at 510nm|1| 0. 251|2| 0. 424|3| 0. 587|4| 0. 785|5| 0. 482|Unknown| Absorbance at 510nm|A| -0. 07|B| 0. 023| Table 1 demoing the optical density obtained at a wavelength of 510nm. utilizing a OHAUS spectrophotometer. for concentrations of Fe ( oPH ) 2+ of ( 1. 2. 3. 4. 5 ) ppms and two unknown H2O samples A and B. Calculations: ( I ) Equation of the line: y=0. 1765x + 0. 0705. Sample A optical density -0. 007. hence. that value does non hold to be substituted in the equation as it is a known fact that a negative optical density reading agencies there is no Fe analyte present. ( two ) Since a ( 1/10 ) dilution was undertaken. the optical density reading for sample B could besides be expressed as ( 0. 023 ten 10 ) = 0. 23. Substituted in the above equation we get: 0. 23= 0. 1765x + 0. 07050. 23- 0. 0705= 0. 1765x0. 1595=0. 1765xx=0. 1765/0. 1595= 0. 9037ppm. or 0. 9037mg/L ( III ) Ar of Fe = 56g/molmoles of Fe2+= mass/molar mass= 0. 9037 ten 10-3g/56g/mol= 1. 614?10-5M Fe2+ ( four ) denseness of water= 1g/mL or 1g/cm3mass of water= denseness x volume= 1 ten 10= 10g ( V ) % Fe2+ in H2O sample B= = 0. 9037 ten 10-3g Fe2+ x 100/ 10g water= 9. 037 ten 10-3 % Fe2+ Discussion: The concentration of criterion A was 1 ppm and its optical density measured at 510 nanometer was 0251. The concentration of standard B was 2 ppm and its optical density measured at 510nm was 0. 424. The concentration of standard C was 3 ppm and its optical density measured at 510nm was 0. 587. The concentration of standard D was 4 ppm and its optical density measured at 510nm was 0. 785. While the concentration of standard E was 5 ppm and its optical density measured at 510nm was 0. 482. The tendency observed with the concentration of the first four Fe ( oPH ) 32+ criterions and the optical density readings obtained with them was that as the concentration increased. so excessively did the optical density readings measured. That meant that concentration was straight relative to absorbance ( A? C ) . Hence. Beer-Lambert’s jurisprudence was observed. The concentration values every bit good as the optical density readings at 510nm for the Fe ( oPH ) 32+ criterions were so used to plot a graph of optical density versus concentration. with the dependant on the x- axis. The graph plotted yielded a consecutive line and the equation of the line was found to be y=0. 1765x + 0. 0705. It is of import to observe at this point that 510 nanometer was the used wavelength because it represented ?max for the Fe ( oPH ) 32+ complex. In other words. it is the wavelength at which the composite absorbs best and hence the extremum of its optical density spectrum would be located at that wavelength. Subsequently the equation of the line mentioned above was utilized by utilizing the optical density readings for H2O samples A and B. which were -0. 007 and 0. 023 severally. Since the optical density readings obtained for sample A was negative. that meant that there was no Fe nowadays for sample A. While for sample B. the value was positive and since A ( 1/10 ) dilution was used computations was done. utilizing and absorbance value of ( 0. 023 * 10= 0. 23 ) . It followed that the Fe was present in H2O sample B in the proportions of 0. 9037ppm. 1. 614?10-5M and 9. 037?10-3 % . Hence. Fe was present in hint sums in sample C. This experiment was non short of mistakes though. as there was one questionable consequences that was encountered in this experiment. For the optical density readings obtained for the 5 ppm criterions was 0. 482. which was contradictory to Beer’s jurisprudence. That may hold been as a consequence of the formation of Fe salts such as phosphates. As the acid buffer may hold failed to maintain the pH at the optimum of 3. 5. It may hold been besides as a consequence of utilizing incorrect proportion of reagents by experimenters when doing up that criterion. Hence. when carry oning this experiment. suited reagents must be used in order to keep optimal reaction vas conditions. The experimenters must besides guarantee that he/she follows all the instructions given with respects to doing up criterion to forestall unwante d consequences. Decision: Spectrophotometric analysis was successfully utilised to bring forth a standardization curve for Fe ( oPH ) 32+ criterions. The equation of the line was found to be y=0. 1765x + 0. 0705. In add-on. that equation was manipulated to find the sum of Fe2+ in the two H2O samples. It was hence determined that waste sample A had no Fe nowadays in it. but sample B contained 0. 9037ppm. 1. 614?10-5M and 9. 037?10-3 % Fe2+ . Mentions Skoog and West. Fundamentalss of Analytic Chemistry. 2nd Ed. . Chapter 29. Vogel. A Textbook of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis. 3rd Ed. . p. 294. 310 and 787.

Initiatory Journeys free essay sample

Traveling has always fascinated men who fed their imagination with this way of escaping the reality of their society. But this is only the first meaning of the word â€Å"travel† because it can also take other equally exotic aspects. So we talked about the trip as a physical escape but what about the travel seen as a mental loophole? So traveling could be a way of getting out the entrapment of reality, of the actual situation. But to what aim? Perhaps to escape unemployment and find work or to escape from the weight of the flesh when the journey is mental. The trip can also lead to a moment of epiphany: then it would carry an interesting initiatory dimension. The journey can be seen as a wandering, a roaming during which the traveler is free, or considered as being free just because he can venture in wild nature but he is often prompted by material reasons more than urged by the desire to entertain himself. We will write a custom essay sample on Initiatory Journeys or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Indeed, this travel we could envy is often considered as an ordeal from the protagonist’s point of view. In Steinbeck’s â€Å"Of Mice and Men†, published in 1937, George and Lenny bemoan their harsh living conditions as itinerant workers and plan what they call their freedom, which is their settlement in a real house that would be theirs. Journey is a term that implies travel, which can offer up new insights, experiences, cultures and perspectives. In the novel, the writer takes us into the American outback, and we journey with the characters as they face the various challenges and barriers that arise as they attempt to achieve the â€Å"great American dream†: settling down and farming their own land. So the characters travel physically speaking (it is actually an exile because it seems that they are wanted by the authorities), trying to find work on ranches. But the inner and emotional journey they do all through the novel is far more significant, and we see the changes in the characters from the first time we are introduced to them. So, we have seen that a physical journey can shape the soul of the traveler whose intellectual trip makes him pass through milestones of his ripeness. Here comes what might be called the initiatory dimension of traveling, which could then allow the traveler to enter a new phase of his life. The protagonist descends into his innermost cave, a kind of underworld located in his own mind. The hero, most of the time under the effect of an epiphany, is reborn in some way, physically, emotionally, and spiritually. Through this experience, he changes internally. That is the case of Nick, the protagonist of â€Å"Indian Camp†, a short story written by the American author Ernest Hemingway and published in 1924. This story is a good example of the â€Å"initiation story†, a short story that centers around a main character who comes into contact with an idea, experience, ritual, or knowledge that he did not previously know. In this story, Nick Adams is a very young boy accompanying his father and his uncle to an American Indian camp on the other side of a lake. Here, as a â€Å"rite of passage†, Nick is initiated into concepts that remained of highest importance to Hemingway throughout his writing career, life and death, suffering, pain, suicide†¦ The fact that Nick sits across from his father in the boat on the way back after this experience can indicate a pulling out from underneath his father’s influence. â€Å"Indian camp† starts â€Å"off in the dark†. This dark engulfs Nick as he begins his journey on an unknowing night that parallels his own lack of awareness. By the end of the narrative, the light of a new day rises, and with it, an epiphany within Nick. His experiences within the Indian camp have caused him to grow as a person and Hemingway’s usage of light symbolizes this new understanding gained by Nick. So, a journey can be motivated by financial or cultural reasons and can lead to different aftermaths but can’t it be pointless, aimless and totally unfounded? Perhaps it is the case of the protagonist of â€Å"The mark on the wall†, a short story by Virginia Woolf published in 1917. Indeed, a woman in the living room of her house and her attention is drawn to a mark on the wall that leads her to wonder what the mark is, and what it might signify. Then, we will follow her stream of consciousness through many metaphysical issues. Her stream of thoughts will herd her to such topics as what the meaning of life is and others existential questionings. She mentally travels and we, readers, follow this purely intellectual journey wandering through the haphazard meanders of her fancies. The twist is that the mark is actually a snail glued on the wall. I arrive to the quite enigmatic conclusion that travel seems to be multifaceted and could overlap many causes and consequences. Even after this succinct analysis, it remains a mysterious world that will continue to make men dream and fantasize.

Yeah free essay sample

As a romantic poet, he brought into play all means of romantic expression and achieved perfect unity between content and form in his poetry. Lie Basis poetry has an intense subjective and self-expressive tendency, and his emotions were always expressed with momentum of an avalanche. Extreme exaggeration, apt comparison and profound imagination effected a high realism. When reading the lines, Slashing water with the blade of my sword, it flows on all the more raise my goblet, drown my dollar deep, yet it waxed doubly sore, readers cannot help being moved by the despair a midst the renouncement.This expressive technique is especially seen in poems Traveling to Titanium Mountain in a Dream: A Parting Song and Difficult is the way to Shush. Lie ABA often made extensive use of technique involving imagery, exaggeration, analogy and personification in his poems,concocting a vision of fantasy and mystique, in language that is brisk, lively and refined. We will write a custom essay sample on Yeah or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Lie ABA also wrote a number of poems from various viewpoints, including the personae of women. For example, he wrote several poems in the Uzi Ye, or Lady Midnight style, as well as Han folk-ballad style poems.Horace Horses lyric poetry comprises his seventeen Epode, and 1 03 Odes in four books. The former, which include some of his early work, are on a variety of political and satirical themes, with a few love poems. Most are written in an iambic meter, a longer line being followed by a shorter one, which is known as the epode, or after song. The first three books of odes were written between 33 and 23 BC, and reflect the events of the time. The fourth book was published in 15 BC. Horses odes are regarded as his finest works and are written in a variety of Greek meters whose rules he followed strictly. His other works include Carmen Secular, a poem to various gods, commissioned by Augustus to celebrate the Secular Games in 17 BC; three books of Epistles, Of which the third is generally known as the literary essay Ears Poetic; and two books of Satires the Latin word from which satire comes had the meaning of a medley of reflections on social conditions and events.Horace appears to have been a bit of a hypochondriac, while enjoying to the full his life, his work, and the position his work gave him in society. He died only a ewe months after his patron Nascent. Shops the tenth Muse In literary history and critical theory Shops greatest importance is to be found in her contribution to the idea of the lyric genre. Her work, which claims to be direct, impassioned, and simple and which is addressed to a circle of close friends and lovers rather than being impersonal or directed at connoisseurs, has significantly influenced the evolution of poetry.Her celebration of love has reechoed through the centuries not only in the work of translators and direct imitators, but also in all those other voices that have eared declare their love to be radically important, more compelling and serious than abstract notions of truth or justice or piety. At the same time Shops reminds modern readers of poetrys roots in magic and religion while occupying a firm place in Greek literary history as a metrical inventor and an expert practitioner of her art.Finally, she is widely recognized as one of the great poets of world literature, an author whose works have caused her readers to repeat in many different forms Stratas amazed epithet when he wrote that she could only be called a marvel. Shops was called lyrics because, as was the custom of the time, she wrote her poems to be performed with the accompaniment of a lyre. Shops composed her own music and refined the prevailing lyric meter to a point that it is now known as Sapphic meter.She innovated lyric poetry both in technique and style, becoming part Of a new wave Of Greek lyricist who moved from writing poetry from the point of view of gods and muses to the personal vantage point of the individual. She was one of the first poets to write from the first person, describing love and l oss as it affected her personally. Her style was sensual and melodic; primarily songs of love, yearning, and reflection. Most commonly the target of her affections was female, often one of the many women sent to her for education in the arts. She nurtured these women, wrote poems of love and adoration to them, and when they eventually left the island to be married, she composed their wedding songs. That Shops poetry was not condemned in her time for its homoerotic content (though it was disparaged by scholars in later centuries) suggests that perhaps love between women was not persecuted then as it has been in more recent mimes.Especially in the last century, Shops has become so synonymous with woman-love that two Of the most popular words to describe female homosexualitylesbian and Sapphic have derived from her. Yuri Poetry consists of a poem, such as a sonnet or an ode, that expresses the thoughts and feelings of the poet. The term lyric is now commonly referred to as the words to a song. Lyric poetry does not tell a story which portrays characters and actions. The lyric poet addresses the reader directly, portraying his or her own feeling, state of mind, and perceptions.

Breaking into the Lucrative Magazine Market with the Big R Game

Breaking into the Lucrative Magazine Market with the Big R Game Many people have a tremendous amount of baggage when it comes to one of the smallest words in the English language: no. Its mostly a learned behavior. As Ive watched my daughter growing up, the first few years she didnt seem to have a problem with rejection. For example, while learning to walk, balance rejected her countless times. Each time she fell, shed sit there for a few moments, then giggle and start all over. This is not the case for many fledgling writers. In fact, Ive talked to quite a few who have so much fear of being rejected they wont submit their material. While thats one way to avoid rejection, it will stop you from building a writing career. But what if you could turn the process of rejection to your favor? When I decided to write for magazines, I created a writing game. I call it the Big R Game. The rules are simple; in fact, theres only one, and its summarized in the object of the game: Collect as many rejections as you can, as fast as you can, while writing as well as you can. I set my target for 100. This might sound crazy. Why would anyone set a goal to collect a hundred rejection letters? Arent rejection letters to be avoided? Well, maybe in a perfect world, but the writing and publishing world is far from perfect. My rationale for such a game was simple. I knew that if I won at this game Id do at least two things right: Id write a lot, and Id submit what I wrote. These are the two most important activities a writer needs to do if he wants to succeed at the larger game of being a published and profitable writer. Playing the Big R Game also took the edge off of receiving rejection letters. Each time one arrived in the mail, I was winning the game, not only the Big R Game but also the much larger game of becoming a successful writer. Each rejection carried me one step closer to learning my craft. If you have a problem with rejection, try a game or two of the Big R. You may find it lifting your spirit and dissolving the resistance youve added to writing. The other big benefit of the game is that if you set out to collect 100 rejections, you’ll surprisingly receive a fair amount of acceptances. Since playing the Big R Game, Ive published over 350 magazine articles in such publications as Unity Magazine, AARP (then Modern Maturity), Body and Soul (then New Age Journal), Yoga Journal, and Better Homes and Gardens, to mention just a few. Many of them have been part of my pet writing project, Project Purpose: to write and publish articles about people whose lives are dedicated to a bold and inspiring purpose or vision. But more about that in a future article.

A clear and concise statement of the constitutional issue involved Essay

A clear and concise statement of the constitutional issue involved - Essay Example Following are some of the arguments why he still, though late has the right to demand justice at the U.S. Supreme Court. The Fifth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States refers that no person accused of crime may be compelled to bear witness against himself or herself as held in ‘State of New York, petitioner v. John SUGGS, respondent’ (2011). The Supreme Court of America has held that this rule is applicable not only on trials but also on police interrogations. Furthermore if the police officials want to question a suspect, he must be given the Miranda Rights. Here, Dylan was in the same situation of being in the police custody when he was questioned by the police officer Smith, and should have been given the Miranda Rights. Therefore, the very purpose of the Miranda Rights was violated while questioning Dylan. Again, the provisions of the 5th Amendment protect the appellant against the compelled self-incrimination and provides him with the right to a grand jury, where Dylan had been forced for self-incrimination. It has been stated in Bram v. United States (1897) that the de termination of the confession to be competent is done by applying the portion of Fifth Amendment, which states that â€Å"no person shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself† (Bram v. United States, 1897). Fourth Amendment of the Constitution of United Sates, Citizenship Rights, Section (1), ratified in 1868, refers â€Å"No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the Unites States; nor shall any State derive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of laws† (The Constitution of the United States). The provision of this Fourth Amendment had been violated while questioning Dylan. The evidence was obtained from him by illegal means and by violation of the Federal Constitution rights. The

Article Abstract 8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Article Abstract 8 - Essay Example The empirical analysis is carried out on a racial basis. The conclusion of the research is that race has no significance whatsoever where the price of a rookie baseball card is concerned. This conclusion was reached after lack of evidence of customer discrimination on racial basis for the blacks or Hispanics research subjects (Gabriel, Curtis and Timothy 228). The estimation of the results of the research analysis has been well broken down and articulated well. This is especially so after the results being differentiated for the hitter and pitchers and the composite indexes of the prices well indicated. The estimated results also differentiate between the card price of Hispanics and that of the blacks in the descriptive statistics. The researchers did not clearly explain the sample size, population or even the sampling technique used in this particular research. The other thing that should have been present but lacked in this research is more literature review. The researchers only dwelt on literature by one group of researchers and hence making the research not

Feasibility I Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Feasibility I - Assignment Example Venture concept refers to a start-up entity built with the intention of benefiting financially. A business endeavor may also be deemed a small business. Numerous ventures will be advanced by one or more groups or individuals with the anticipation of the business raising a financial benefit for all sponsors. Most business ideas are generated on an insufficient supply in the market or the market demand. If the new venture is accepted by entrepreneurs or investors the growth of the new proposal will start and all supporting players will help expand and market the new venture to gain financially. The Food retail industry, for instance, particularly bake products has continued to develop into consumer demand. Rolls, fresh bread, cakes, and pastries are products customers seek on a daily basis. The new venture notion of Innovative bakery services and goods consumer is what Sweet Berry Company seeks about to establish. Introducing New Business Proposal –Sweet Berry Company The company makes customized pastries. What this means is that the clients log onto our website choose the product, for example, a cake then choose the ingredients that they want to be used to make a cake. The advantages of this are numerous as we can specify needs such as health or medical concerns for the clients. For example, clients who are lactose intolerant can place an order where the cake is made without the use of dairy products. This is where a business owner takes into consideration factors such as labor, location, suppliers, transportation amongst other factors (EPA, 2008). Investors are usually able to gauge a good business plan from the information contained in the technical feasibility. It is used to asses costs, long-term planning and troubleshooting. For our particular model of business, we have no competitors for this particular brand locally. The model that we have taken is from companies such as Indulge bakery in Colorado and sweet themes

Cultural Aspects Of The Amish Society

Cultural Aspects Of The Amish Society The Amish originated in Switzerland but is now culturally centered in the States and Canada. The Amish are called the Old Order Amish or Pennsylvania Dutch. The religion is strict in the teaching of separation from the world and a tightly knit community. The doctrine that the Amish follow teaches farming and simplicity. Because of this simplicity, the Amish are now allowed to have electricity, own cars, or go to war. What modern people see as necessities in todays world, the Amish people live without in the Pennsylvania Dutch society. The Amish originated in Switzerland around the time of 1525. In the 16th century, the act of baptizing an adult was considered a crime. The members were beaten and thrown into rivers and left to die painful deaths. The carnage in Europe led to the immigration of the Amish (Amish). A man named Jacob Ammann lead the Swiss Mennonites, now called the Amish, to the United States of America and Canada (Origins). When the Amish settled in the United States the religion had its own ideas of how strict the religion should be. As groups of people began to split, different religious groups formed. The Old Order Amish are the strictest of the groups (Amish). In the religion the services are done in the homes. These homes are designed to be able to have a large group of people in them. There are members of the religion that half a higher position than normal members. There is a deacon, a bishop, and two preachers. The church is held on Sundays and the members of the church take turns on who will host the next service (BBC). The doctrine of the Amish teaches its members about farming and simplicity. The unwritten rules are called Ordnung. This unwritten set of rules is followed by everyone but if there is a question about them then the oldest members of the community will take up the position and make sure the rule is made clear. The religion teaches that individualism is not something important or to be proud of but that its better to be plain and simple. The Amish believe that God is happier when people take care of the world and remain pacifists. If anyone breaks these rules the person who is accused will be shunned until forgiveness has been offered (BBC). The clothing of the women in the Amish society consists of long plain dresses and bonnets (Amish). The women can also wear long sleeves and a full skirt with plain shoes. The women do not wear make-up. The mens clothing is of the same plainness as the womens. The men wear dark colored pants or trousers, braces, and straight-cut coats. The men are often seen with a wide brimmed hat sometimes made of straw. The children wear closely to the same clothing that the adults wear with the exception that they often go barefoot (BBC). The life of the Amish consists of no electrical uses in their homes. There are exceptions as dairy farmers have to comply to the religions. The electricity is only wired up to the barns and is not used but to continue as dairy farmers (BBC). Everything done by the Amish involved the help of the community as a whole. If a family needs a barn built the whole community comes together and helps build the barn and depending on the size, it can be put up in a few days or a few weeks (Origins). As the Amish practice separation from the modern world, they practice different languages. At home the families use a German based language called Pennsylvania Dutch. At church the Amish use a high German dialect. When speaking to a person that isnt Amish, or English, the use English (BBC). As tourism of Amish communities grows, Amish people are starting businesses to help make money. It has been noted that Amish businesses do better than U.S. businesses. Amish businessesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ are growing, prospering, and thriving. The Amish have low business failure rate, 4 percent a decade compared to the 70 percent failure rate of new U.S. businesses within their first three years of operation. This increase in business success rates could be the result of more tourism. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the Aurthur Vistor center recorded 29,114 visitsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Turco). Many Amish people have shops that consist of wood shops, selling craft such as quilts, selling fruits and vegetables, bakeries, restaurants, gift shops, and an open farmers market (Mink). Most of the businesses have 10 or fewer employees who are Amish. In some business it is completely ran by family members (Tenner). Most Amish families are farmers. They use horses, oxen, or mules to plow their fields. The machinery used cannot have rubber wheels but metal ones instead. Many of the Amish produce corn to feed the animals that they family will use for meat. Some of the meat may be sold at the markets and the hides of the animals are used to make leather goods. Some families may be smaller and that raise animals for their own consumption while other farms may be raising or growing the animals or crops to sell. The animals grown may be chickens, pork, beef, and lamb. Some major crops grown are corn and oats (BBC). Some farmers use pesticides, herbicides, and may use seeds that have been altered genetically (Tenner).Other farmers rely on nature to benefit them in the way that nature does. Farmers that use more traditional ways rely on birds to take care of their insect problems. the birds, you see, are our allies. Each year, the swallows kill thousands of insects over our fieldsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the Amish need the birds so they help them by building them nest and never tarring down the old nest. Some Amish believe by using horses rather than tractors, they are being closer to one with nature (Kline). The families in the Amish communities usually have an average of seven to eight children. The families never divorce and only marry other Amish. The Amish do not marry a first cousin and would prefer not marrying the second cousin either (BBC). The husbands are usually the ones that are responsible for bringing in the most money. They are usually the farmers and do the harder labored work in the barns and in the fields. Some men many have a change of roles and may do more of the gardening and house roles that most women would do (Amish Studies). The wives can be the bread winner in some cases because she may run a business. Most wives are stay at home moms that have the responsibilities of taking care of the children and doing task around the house. Most women do not have full time jobs because of their children. Women and men share the house hold decisions for the most part. The husband usually just makes religious decision and the wife is more active in nurturing the religion and making more household decisions (Amish Studies). The wives arent always busy with house chores. The Amish sisters have gatherings that mix everyday chores up. The group of women may get together and make quilts or have fun while harvesting vegetables. In a time of an emergency the community will come together to help the families. The wives will care for the children and the men will focus on more labored work. The elderly also help the families. The grandmothers will help baby sit and the grandfathers will help the other men with outside chores (Amish Studies). The childrens roles at home are chores around the farm such as feeding chickens and collecting the eggs and milking cows. The children go to school until 14 and 15 years old. A normal school has about 25 to 35 people in a one room schoolhouse. The material is taught in English and is usually taught by younger women (BBC). In the Amish schools text books are used and the teacher has the same education as an eighth grader (Halvorsen). The teachers have been taught by older more experienced Amish teachers. By the time an Amish girl is twelve years old she knows how to cook a meal for a whole crew of Amish workers, and a young man knows farm operations by the time he is a teenager. The Amish limit the education because after school the children learn the vocational skills (BBC). After they leave school Amish boys learn work skills such as farming and carpentry on the job, while Amish girls concentrate on practical domestic matters This remains true until the child turns 16 and goes through a period called Rumspringa. Rumspringa is when an Amish child is allowed to go out into the world to choose if he or she wants to go live there or wants to become a full Amish member. 90% decide to do so (BBC). The transportation of the Amish consists of simply horses and buggies. The Amish can take rides in someone elses car. For long distances, this is a good way for getting around. The Amish can hire someone to drive them to places if need be (BBC). Most stores have made hitching post and accommodations for the Amish. Amish friends, please clean up after your horse. A shovel and garbage can are provided (Mink). The life of the Amish is centered on their community, having strong family bonds, and living life with a simplicity that most modern people dont have. The Amish remind people of how things used to be and because of this the tourism in the Amish communities are growing. This doesnt change the roles of the people or their beliefs in their religion. The Amish live in peace and harmony with nature and themselves. Riley 7

Constantinople :: essays research papers fc

This essay will attempt to analyse and explain all the causes and factors that lead to the choice of Constantinople as eastern capital of the empire. From the very outset the reasons for such a catalytic â€Å"move†, which provided the impetus for the creation of a new era, will be examined as lucidly as possible. To conclude, having appraised the above, much light will be thrown on the choice of Constantinople, amongst other locations, as the eastern capital of the empire in terms of geographical position, religious and economical factors. Numerous were the reasons that gradually led to the movement of the empire to the East. Initially, Rome was very far from the regions of the shores of the Bosphorus and the river Euphrates and thus unable to confront effectively the empire’s most significant enemies (the Goths and the Persians) that had made their appearance from the 3rd century. Additionally, Rome, a centre of paganism, with its memories of municipal traditions and â€Å"republican sentiment, with its aristocratic, educated and fiercely traditionalist senators †, had begun to annoy the Roman Emperor Constantine the Great (337-362). He, himself, was a vigorous supporter of Christianity and especially after the prolonged period of his successful confrontation with Licinius (314-323), he was convinced that the future belonged to the Christians and for that reason, he decided to turn decisively towards the East, which was the main source and origin of the new religion. Furthermore, from the 3rd century onw ards, most of the emperors originated from provinces and did not share significant bonds with Rome. What Constantine visualised instead of sacrifices to pagan deities and four emperors with irregular courts and capitals, was an empire with one emperor and one established capital, along with a splendid innovative church devoted to the glory of the one true God . He therefore regarded the foundation of a new city as the most important symbol of his deeper aim, the renewal of the empire. In 324, the old Greek trading city of Byzantium (modern Istanbul) was chosen by Constantine the Great as the ultimate spot for the new city that would form the headquarters of the empire in the East and was renamed after his own name, Constantinople (Constantinou-polis). It is a fact that among the fundamental criteria for choosing this specific location were its strategic geographical position between Europe and Asia, its strategic value for the command of the seas and of the main routes over-land from East to West and from North to South, as well as the right connection between the centre and the periphery of the Empire.

Reinvest in R&D

To what extent is it necessary for companies to reinvest profits in research and development? In the past 20 years, intellectual property has been highly respected in the world. In other words, there has been a majority of companies that paid more and more attention with regard to the performance of department of research and development (R&D), and especially for technologic corporations that own the fast product-life-cycle. Despite the fact that some people will argue whether reinvesting more source in research and development is successful strategy or not, an important issue for management studies would be normally discussed to be to what extent companies have to reinvest in research and development. This essay will seek to discuss some solutions of a number of large technologic companies form different views and also try to find the optimum one. Firstly, there are two solutions will be discussed. Secondly , They will be compared each other. In the end, the essay could summarize that which solution is the best. One way of solving the problem would be to undoubtedly reinvest a significant amount of profits in R&D, even if it may occupy more 15% of the revenue. In fact, John Madden (2010) emphasized that â€Å"Most successful companies reinvest 3-6% of net sales into research and development† and some companies in the specific industries would arrive at 15% of revenue into R&D. In addition, according to Chesbrough, H. W. (2006: xix), â€Å"Internal R&D was viewed as a strategic asset and even barrier to competitive entry in many industries†. In particular, those enormous technologic corporations with considerable capitals and extended schemes of R&D could compete, such APPLE, IBM and HTC. Therefore, it could be said that the solution entirely agree R&D is a vital cycle and asset in developing company. Evidence indicates that most products of technologic corporations be probably own shorter product-life-cycle. As a result, R&D will allow the company to create new products continually. Following that, company makes a majority of profit form these new products. For example, ADES stated that more than 60% of revenue of Xerox earn from the new products that launched in the past two years. Moreover, investing R&D oneself will control the main techniques and put up the higher barriers to control competitor’s entrance. For instance, Apple enterprise continually devotes to discover new technology to take out enormous intellectual patents and then raise their competitiveness. On the other hand, firms need to spend huge time money and manpower to participate in the process of R&D and some companies that want to reinvest in R&D must ante up bigger risk. Unfortunately, this investment may be frequently sunk costs. A number of businesses fail and go bankrupt in the bad condition. On balance, it is not only unsuitable methods for all enterprise, but it is not unique answer. Another way to solving the problem would be to stop any investment of R&D. This is to say, the corporations do not have to reinvest any resource into R&D and also do not need to organize the department of R&D oneself. However, it does not mean that they must not acquire any new techniques and products of next generation. They just utilize some methods or strategies to gain a number of technology what they want, such as technical authorization, technical transfer, outsource R&D, hire consultants and enterprise merger and acquisition. To a certain extent, there are probably noticeable advantages in this solution. Firstly, the firms just spend lower cost to gain new technical knowledge and then finish the mission of R&D. Secondly, this should be able to compress the time of researching new technical knowledge and also shorten in the procedure of developing the coming products. Furthermore, the brilliant product could be successfully launched at the good timing. In contrast, evidence indicates that the strategy of utilizing outsource seem to be marked difficult for how to execute deeply it. There is one instance of enterprise merger and acquisition of exploring the post-acquisition integration risks. According to Chen, C. H. and Shih, H. T. (2008), Whether the mission or vision of the both company is the same or not will be a vital factor. The reason totally affects the success of an acquisition. In addition, how to find out and to purchase the primary techniques is also an obvious problem. Clearly, this method has some strengths and weaknesses, thus below two will be evaluated as follows. Both methods have probably offered most corporations to solve the R&D problem. Similarly, all of them agree that the importance of R&D and utilizing new techniques in the company. Moreover, there are also the similar risks in both ways. Tassey (1997) stated that uncertainty of R&D is â€Å" the inability to estimate the reward and risk. † On the other hand, one of their different points is the speed of exploiting new product. This would seem to be the way of cooperating other R&D institutions. The other one could be whether they can control the key techniques to persistently maintain core competitiveness of the enterprise or not. According to Porter (2004:164), â€Å"Technological change is one of the principal driver of competition. It plays a major role in industry structural. † technological As for that, organizing own R&D might be an appropriate way. Overall, how to keep the main technical knowledge is a very vital around growing energy and supporting stable profit of most firms. Despite the fact that outsourcing can help corporations acquire rapidly knowledge, reinvesting income in R&D by themselves is apparently better. Obviously, every method has different characters to solve the R&D problem. So people should understand the situation of the companies themselves before choosing the solution. All in all, it is difficult to clearly identify what extent is suitable to plow revenue in R&D related to the large technologic companies to and decide the best way to solve this problem. However, Here there are two methods to solve the problem in this essay. The best way seems to be the first one. It could be said that should do their own individual R&D seem to be one of competitive capabilities in a firm, and then it may affect the growth of a company in the future, such as launching latest production and recognizing new marking. Nevertheless, they should estimate the overall risk before deciding that. References: ADES (2008) Invest in R&D, It’s vital for your business’ survival. (school practitioner). ADESBLOG Weblog [online] 5th March. Available from: http://www. adesblog. com/2008/03/05/invest-in-research-and-development/. [Accessed 22/8/11]. CHEN, C. H. and SHIH, H. T. 2008) Mergers and Acquisitions in China: Impacts of WTO Accession. United Kingdom: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited. CHESBROUGH, H. W. (2006) Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating And Profiting from Technology. United States of America: Harvard Business School Publishing Corporation. MADDEN, J. (2010) Research and Development- reinvestment in innovation [www] Airborn Electronics. Ava ilable from: http://www. airborn. com. au/spec/econ. html [Accessed 22/08/11]. PORTER, M. E. (2004) Competitive Advantage. New York: Free press. TASSEY, G. (1997) The Economics of R&D Policy. United States of America: Quorum books.

Biography of James Watt, Modern Steam Engine Inventor

Biography of James Watt, Modern Steam Engine Inventor James Watt (January 19, 1736–August 25, 1819) was a Scottish inventor, engineer, and chemist. He developed a workable steam engine that utilized a separate condenser; this innovation made the steam engine a useful tool for a vast range of uses. In many ways, Watts invention- or rather, his improvement on an earlier invention, the Newcomen steam engine- was the technological impetus behind the Industrial Revolution. Fast Facts: James Watt Known For: Invention of the steam engineBorn: January 19, 1736 in Greenock,  Renfrewshire, Scotland, United KingdomParents: Thomas Watt, Agnes MuirheadDied: August 25, 1819 in  Handsworth, Birmingham, England, United KingdomEducation: Home educatedPublished Works:  A System of Mechanical PhilosophyAwards and Honors: Many streets and schools carry his name; statues of his likeness in Picadilly Gardens and St. Pauls CathedralSpouse(s): Margaret (Peggy) Miller, Ann MacGregorChildren: James Jr., Margaret, Gregory, Janet, AnnNotable Quote: I had gone to take a walk on a fine Sabbath afternoon. I had entered the Green by the gate at the foot of Charlotte  Street and had passed the old washing house. I was thinking upon the engine at the time, and had gone as far as the herds house, when the idea came into my mind...I had not walked  farther  than the Golf  house when the whole thing was arranged in my mind. Early Life James Watt was born on January 19, 1736, in Greenock, Scotland, as the only surviving child of four of James Watt (1699–1737) and Agnes Muirhead (1901–1754). Greenock was a fishing village that during Watts lifetime became a busy town with a fleet of steamships. James Jr.s grandfather Thomas Watt (1642–1734) was a well-known mathematician and local schoolmaster. James Sr. was a prominent citizen of Greenock and a successful carpenter and ships chandler who worked at outfitting ships and working on their instruments, compasses, and quadrants. At various times, James Sr. was also the chief magistrate and treasurer of the town. Education James Watt was intelligent, but because of poor health he was unable to attend school regularly. Instead, he gained the skills he would later need in engineering and tooling by working with his father on carpentry projects. By age 6, James Watt was solving geometrical problems and conducting his earliest investigation into the nature of steam, which involved experimenting with his mothers tea kettle. In boyhood, Watt was an avid reader and found something to interest him in every book that came into his hands. When Watt was finally sent to the village school, his ill health prevented his making rapid progress; it was only when he was 13 or 14 that he began to exhibit his abilities, particularly in mathematics. His spare time was spent sketching with his pencil, carving, and working at the tool bench with wood and metal. He made many ingenious mechanical works and some beautiful models, and enjoyed repairing nautical instruments. Apprenticeship After his mother died in 1754, the 18-year-old Watt was sent to Glasgow to train as a merchant with his uncle John Muirhead. One of his mothers relatives was the chair of the Oriental Languages and Humanities department at Glasgow College, and Watt became a member of the literary society there. He also met other scholars at Glasgow who would prove influential and supportive of his career: Robert Dick, professor of natural philosophy, Robert Simpson in mathematics, and William Cullen in medicine and chemistry. It was Dick who suggested that Watt go to London to get training as a mathematics instrument maker. With a letter of introduction, Watt left for London in 1755 and began working with the instrument maker John Morgan. Watt was not officially an apprentice, but he did work on mechanical instrumentation: Morgan thought he was talented but took too long to complete his work. The job with Morgan ended in June 1756 and Dick got him a short-term position to work on an astronomical clock, reflecting telescopes, and transit instruments. Watt returned to Greenock at the end of the year, but he soon went back to Glasgow where he began a small business in quadrant-making. He was appointed mathematical instrument-maker at Glasgow College, supported by Dicks replacement John Anderson, and by Cullens replacement and chemist Joseph Black (1728–1799). Black is best known for his work on latent and specific heats and for his discovery of carbon dioxide, and he was to become a staunch supporter of Watt. Early Experimentation In 1759, John Robison, a student at Glasgow, showed Watt a model of the Newcomen steam engine and suggested it might be used to propel carriages. The Newcomen was invented and patented in 1703 by Thomas Newcomen (1664–1729), and Watt began building miniature models using tin steam cylinders and pistons attached to driving wheels by a system of gears. In his own experiments he used, at first, apothecaries trials and hollow canes for steam reservoirs and pipes, and later a Papins digester and a common syringe. The latter combination made a noncondensing engine, in which he used steam at a pressure of 15 pounds per square inch. The valve was worked by hand, and James Watt saw that an automatic valve gear was needed to make a working machine. This experiment, however, led to no practical result and for the next several years, he abandoned this research. Watt stayed with the college until the 1760s, when he took up a partnership with a merchant named John Craig, financed partly with Black. One venture of theirs was producing alkali from salt- in the 18th century, alkali could only be produced from plants. Craig and Watt were one of several people looking for a way to create it chemically, an effort not achieved until 1820. Watt and Craig also worked on pottery kilns and glazes for making tin-glazed delftware. Marriage and Family In 1764, Watt married Margaret Millar, known as Peggy, a cousin he had known since they were children. They were to have five children, only two of which lived to adulthood: Margaret, born in 1767, and James III, born in 1769, who as an adult would become his fathers main support and business partner. The Newcomen Steam Engine Over the winter of 1763–1764, John Anderson at Glasgow asked Watt to repair a model of the Newcomen engine. He was able to get it running, but he was curious as to why the machine consumed so much steam and condensing water. Watts began studying the history of the steam engine and conducted experimental research into the properties of steam. The Newcomen steam engine model had a boiler that was made to scale and was incapable of furnishing enough steam to power an engine. It was about nine inches in diameter; the steam cylinder was two inches in  diameter and had a  six-inch  piston stroke. Watt made a new boiler that could measure the quantity of water evaporated and the steam condensed at every stroke of the engine. Watt soon discovered that the engine required a very small quantity of steam to heat a very large quantity of water. He immediately started to determine with precision the relative weights of steam and water in the steam cylinder when condensation took place at the down stroke of the engine. James Watt independently proved the existence of latent heat, which had been discovered by his mentor and supporter Joseph Black. Watt went to Black with his research, who shared his knowledge with Watt. Watt found that, at the boiling point, his condensing steam was capable of heating six times its weight of water used for producing condensation. Watts Separate Condenser Realizing that steam weight for weight was a vastly greater absorbent and reservoir of heat than water, Watt saw the importance of taking greater care to economize it than had previously been attempted. At first, he economized in the boiler and made boilers with wooden shells in order to prevent losses by conduction and radiation. He also used a larger number of flues than Newcomen had to secure  more complete  absorption of the heat from the furnace gases. He also covered his steam pipes with  non-conducting  materials and took every precaution to secure the complete utilization of the heat of combustion. He soon discovered that the sources of heat loss in the Newcomen engine ­ were: The dissipation of heat by the cylinder itself, which was of brass and was both a good conductor and a good radiator.The loss of heat consequent upon the necessity of cooling down the cylinder at every stroke in producing the vacuum.The loss of power due to the pressure of vapor beneath the piston, which was a consequence of the imperfect method of condensation. His first attempt at a cylinder of  non-conducting  material was made of  ­wood soaked in oil and then baked, which did increase the economy of steam. He then conducted a series of very accurate experiments upon the temperature and pressure of steam by measuring the amount of steam used at each stroke of the engine. He was able to confirm his previous conclusion that three-fourths of the heat supplied to the engine was wasted. Further Improvements After his scientific investigations, James Watt worked on improving the steam engine with an intelligent understanding of its existing defects and a knowledge of their cause. Watt soon saw that in order to reduce the losses in the working of the steam in the steam cylinder, it would be necessary to find a way to constantly keep the cylinder as hot as the steam that entered it. According to James Watt: The idea came into my mind that, as steam was an elastic body, it would rush into a vacuum, and, if a communication were made between the cylinder and an exhausted vessel, it would rush into it, and might be there condensed without cooling the cylinder. I then saw that I must get rid of the condensed steam and injection water if I used a jet, as in Newcomens engine. Two ways of doing this occurred to me: First, the water might be run off by a descending pipe, if an off jet could be got at the depth of 35 or 36 feet, and any air might be extracted by a small pump. The second was, to make the pump large enough to extract both water and air. He continued, When analyzed, the invention would not appear so great as it seemed to be. In the state in which I found the steam engine, it was no great effort of mind to observe that the quantity of fuel necessary to make it work would forever prevent its extensive utility. The next step in my progress was equally easy- to inquire what was the cause of the great consumption of fuel. This, too, was readily suggested, viz., the waste of fuel which was necessary to bring the whole cylinder, piston, and adjacent parts from the coldness of water to the heat of steam, no fewer than from 15 to 20 times in a minute. James Watt had invented his all-important separate condenser. He proceeded to make an experimental test of his new invention. His little model worked very well, and the perfection of the vacuum was such that the machine lifted an 18-pound weight suspended from the piston rod. He then constructed a larger model, and the result of its test confirmed the results of his first experiments. Watt Builds His Own Steam Engine It took years for Watt to figure out the details of the new steam engine. To start with, Watt had to find a way to prevent the condenser from filling with water. He tried several approaches, including an air pump, which relieved the condenser of the water and air which collected in the  condenser and lessened the vacuum. He next substituted oil and tallow for the water used to lubricate the piston, keeping the steam tight and preventing the cooling of the cylinder. Another cause of refrigeration of the cylinder and consequent waste of power in its  operation was the entrance of air, which followed the piston down the cylinder at each stroke, cooling its interior by its contact. The inventor prevented this from happening by covering the top of the cylinder and surrounding the whole cylinder with an external casing, or steam jacket, that allowed the steam from the boiler to pass around the steam cylinder and press on the upper surface of the piston. After building his larger experimental engine, Watt rented a room in an old deserted cottage. There, he worked with mechanic Folm Gardiner. Watt had just met John Roebuck, a wealthy physician, who had, with other Scotch capitalists, recently founded the celebrated Carron Iron Works. Roebuck began to support Watts efforts financially and Watt frequently wrote to Roebuck  describing  his progress. In  August 1765, he tried the small  engine and wrote Roebuck that he had good success, although the machine was very imperfect, and informed Roebuck that he was starting to make the larger model. In  October 1765, he finished the large steam engine. The engine, while ready for trial, was still far from perfect. It nevertheless did good work for such a crude machine. Financial and Personal Setbacks Unfortunately, by 1765, James Watt was reduced to poverty, and, after borrowing considerable sums from friends, he finally had to seek employment in order to provide for his family. During a span of about two  years, he supported himself as a civil engineer, surveying and managing the building of several canals in Scotland and exploring coal fields in the neighborhood of Glasgow for the magistrates of the city. He did not, however, entirely give up his invention. In 1767, Roebuck assumed Watts liabilities to the amount of  1,000 British pounds and agreed to provide more capital in exchange for  two-thirds  of Watts patent. Another engine was built with a steam cylinder seven or eight inches in diameter, which was finished in 1768. This worked sufficiently well to induce the partners to ask for a patent, and the specifications and drawings were completed and presented in 1769. Watt also built and set up several Newcomen engines, partly, perhaps, to make himself more thoroughly familiar with the practical details of engine building. Meantime, he prepared plans for and built a moderately large engine of his own new type. Its steam cylinder was 18 inches in diameter, and the stroke of the piston  was 5 feet. This engine was built at  Kinneil and was finished in  September 1769. It was not all satisfactory in either its construction or its operation. The condenser was a surface condenser composed of pipes somewhat like those used in his first little  model and did not prove to be satisfactorily tight. The steam piston leaked seriously, and repeated trials only served to make its imperfections more evident. He was assisted with financial and moral support by both Joseph Black and John  Roebuck, but  he felt strongly about the risks he ran of involving his friends in serious losses and became very despondent. Writing to Black, Watt said: Of all things in life, there is nothing more foolish than inventing; and probably the majority of inventors have been led to the same opinion by their own experiences. Partnership With Matthew Boulton In 1768, James Watt traveled to London to get his patent submitted, and on the way he met Matthew Boulton. Boulton was the owner of a Birmingham manufacturing company known as the Soho Manufactory, which made small metal goods. He  had inherited his fathers business and built it up considerably. He and his business were very well known in the mid-18th century English enlightenment movement. Boulton was a good scholar,  with a considerable knowledge of languages and science- particularly mathematics- despite having left school as a boy to go to work in his fathers shop. In the  shop, he soon introduced a number of valuable improvements and he was always on the lookout for other ideas that might be introduced into his business. He was also a member of the famous Lunar Society of Birmingham, a group of men who met to discuss natural philosophy, engineering, and industrial development together: other members included the discoverer of oxygen Joseph Priestley, Erasmus Darwin (grandfather of Charles Darwin), and the experimental potter Josiah Wedgewood. Watt joined the group after he became Boultons partner. A flamboyant and energetic scholar, Boulton made the acquaintance of Benjamin Franklin in 1758, who then visited Soho. By 1766, these distinguished men were corresponding, discussing among other things the applicability of steam power to various useful purposes. They designed a new steam engine and Boulton built a model, which was sent to Franklin and exhibited by him in London. They had yet to become aware of the existence of James Watt. When Boulton met Watt in 1768, he liked his engine and decided to buy an interest in the patent. With Roebucks consent, Watt offered Boulton a  one-third  interest. Although there were several complications, eventually Roebuck proposed to transfer to Matthew Boulton  one-half  of his proprietorship in Watts inventions for the sum of 1,000 pounds. This proposal was accepted in  November 1769. Working Steam Engines In  November 1774, Watt finally announced to his old partner Roebuck that he had made a successful trial of the Kilmeil engine. He did not write with his usual enthusiasm and extravagance; instead, he simply wrote: The fire engine I have invented is now going, and answers much better than any other that has yet been made, and I expect that the invention will be very beneficial to me. One reason for his lack of enthusiasm was that his wife had died during childbirth the previous year, in September 1773. Heartsick, Watt buried himself in work. From mid-February 1774 he was working on thermometers and barometers. He ended his civil engineering business in Scotland (in part because of a financial crisis in Scotland) and in May he journeyed south to Birmingham, where he joined the Lunar Society. In 1775, he went into a full-time partnership with Matthew Boulton. From that point forward, the firm of Boulton and Watt was able to produce a range of working engines with real-world applications. New innovations and patents were taken out for machines that could be used for grinding, weaving, and milling. Steam engines were put into use for transportation on both land and water. Nearly every successful and important invention that marked the history of steam power for many years originated in the Boulton and Watt workshops. Retirement and Death Watts work with Boulton transformed him into a figure of international stature among men of letters. His 25-year-long patent brought him wealth; and he and Boulton became leaders in the technological Enlightenment in England, with a solid reputation for innovative engineering. Watt married Ann Macgregor in 1776 and they had two children (Gregory and Jessy), both of whom would die young. James Watt Jr., his son from his first wife, survived his father and went on to have a role in the continuing English Enlightenment. As a result of his partnership with Matthew Boulton, James Watt became a very wealthy man, building an elegant mansion known as Heathfield House in Handsworth,  Staffordshire. He retired in 1800 and spent the rest of his life in leisure and traveling to visit friends and family. He died on August 25, 1819, at Heathfield. He was buried in the graveyard of  St Marys Church in Handsworth. Legacy In a very meaningful way, Watts inventions spurred on the Industrial Revolution and innovations of the modern age, ranging from automobiles and trains to factories and the social issues that evolved as a result. In addition, Watts name has been attached to streets, museums, and schools. His story has inspired books, movies, and works of art, including statues in Piccadilly Gardens and St. Pauls Cathedral. On the statue at St. Pauls are engraved the words: James Watt...enlarged the resources of his country, increased the power of man, and rose to an eminent place among the most illustrious followers of science and the real benefactors of the world. Sources Jones, Peter M. Living the Enlightenment and the French Revolution: James Watt, Matthew Boulton, and Their Sons. The Historical Journal 42.1 (1999): 157–82. Print.Hills, Richard L. Power from Steam: A History of the Stationary Steam Engine. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.Miller, David Philip. Puffing Jamie: The Commercial and Ideological Importance of Being a ‘Philosopher’ in the Case of the Reputation of James Watt (1736–1819). History of Science 38.1 (2000): 1–24. Print.The Life and Legend of James Watt: Collaboration, Natural Philosophy, and the Improvement of the Steam Engine. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2019.  Pugh, Jennifer S., and John Hudson. The Chemical Work of James Watt, F.R.S. Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 40.1 (1985): 41–52. Print.Russell, Ben. James Watt: Making the World Anew. London: Science Museum, 2014.  Wright, Michael. James Watt: Musical Instrument Maker. The Galpin Soci ety Journal 55 (2002): 104–29. Print.

Council Responsible for Genetics Essay Essays

Council Responsible for Genetics Essay Essays Council Responsible for Genetics Essay Paper Council Responsible for Genetics Essay Paper The Council for Responsible Genetics ( CRG ) is a non-profit NGO with a focal point on biotechnology. the Council for Responsible Genetics was founded in 1983 in Cambridge. Massachusetts. An early voice concerned about the societal and ethical deductions of modern familial engineerings. CRG organized a 1985 Congressional Briefing and a 1986 panel of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. both concentrating on the possible dangers of genetically engineered biological arms. Francis Boyle was asked to outline statute law puting bounds on the usage of familial technology. taking to the Biological Weapons Anti-Terrorism Act of 1989. CRG was the first organisation to roll up documented instances of familial favoritism. puting the rational basis for the Familial Information Non-discrimination Act of 2008 ( GINA ) . The organisation created both a Genetic Bill of Rights and a Citizen’s Guide to Genetically Modified Food. Besides noteworthy are CRG’s support for the â€Å"Safe Seeds Campaign† ( for avoiding cistron flow from genetically engineered to non-GE seed ) and the organisation of a US conference on Forensic DNA Databanks and Racial Disparities in the Criminal Justice System. In 2010 CRG led a successful run to turn over back a controversial pupil familial proving plan at the University of California. Berkeley. In 2011. CRG led a run to successfully ordain ( GINA ) in California which extended familial privateness and non-discrimination protections to life. disablement and long term attention insurance. mortgages. loaning and other countries. The People’s Petition The People’s Petition was an on-line run to show support for medical experimentation utilizing animate beings in the United Kingdom. Within a twelvemonth of launch the figure of signatures exceeded 21. 850 and included Tony Blair. the then-serving Prime Minister. By 13 May. the request had recorded 13. 000 signatures. The undermentioned twenty-four hours. in the aftermath of promotion around a figure of Acts of the Apostless of bullying by animate being rights militants. so British Prime Minister Tony Blair announced in the Sunday Telegraph. that he intended to add his name to the request. As an unusual move for a helping politician. Blair described his purpose as â€Å"a mark of merely how of import I believe it is that every bit many people as possible stand up against the bantam group of extremists endangering medical research and progresss in the UK. The request offered the chance for persons of any age or topographic point of abode to show support for three averments: * Medical research is indispensable for developing safe and effectual medical and veterinary interventions. necessitating some surveies utilizing animate beings. * Where there is no alternate available. medical research utilizing animate beings should go on in the UK. * Peoples involved in medical research utilizing animate beings have a right to work and populate without fright of bullying or onslaught.

Discuss whether the information provided in Citic Pacific Limited Essay

Discuss whether the information provided in Citic Pacific Limited Stock - Essay Example Understanding of the information provided in the annual reports therefore not only offers an opportunity to the investors to assess as to how the company performed in the past but how it will perform in the future. Investors therefore need to critically identify the relevant information as well as how to use it in proper context.(Brealey & Myers, 2009) What is also important to note that interpretation of the information depends upon the skills of the investors. What distinguishes a good investor from a bad investor is the ability of each investor to interpret the information presented in the annual report of the firm. Thus it is critical that the investors must clearly identify as to what type of information is essential for making a sound and rational decision. Citi Pacific Limited is a Hong Kong based involving in the diversified business including infrastructure development, steel manufacturing, tunnels, power generations as well as the electricity. This paper will therefore discuss as to whether the information presented in the interim financial statements as on 30th June 2010 provide sufficient information to investors for making investment decision. Investors are considered as the primary users of the financial statements and it becomes critical for them to properly evaluate the financial statements in order to make a rational decision. One of the main reasons as to why the investors must look into the information provided in the financial statements is to know about the profitability of the firm and assess as to whether the firm will remain profitable in the future. This sort of information will therefore serve as the key information for the investors to make a decision of whether to invest in a firm or not. (Atrill. & McLaney,2008). Thus financial statements shall provide useful, timely and accurate information to the investors in such a manner that investors must be able to make reasonable

Buyer Behaviour & Market Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Buyer Behaviour & Market Research - Essay Example Consumers can express displeasure or detest a product is they have a negative attitude towards it. This negative attitude can be caused by the string cultural or religious beliefs that disfavor it among others. Attitudes are formed and takes two routes; effective or cognitive. Cognition is about the mental process of thinking, memory, judgment, problem solving and decision making, a perception among others. Affective elements consist of feelings, emotions and reflexive responses that we make towards sensations in the environment. The interplay of cognitive and affective elements, therefore, engineer and determine what opinions and attitudes we come up with when making purchases in the market. This essay aims at analyzing the formation of consumer attitudes based on these courses and how different they are. The attitudes consumers form can either benefits or be a drawback to an organization in the market as it decides on whether a customer will choose your product or not. Any effective market strategy is developed with a consideration of the consumer’s attitude. To achieve success in the market, the attitude of consumers cannot be ignored. The marketers have to find a way of changing the attitudes of the potential customer and convince them that their products are the best. The eventual behavior of the customer shall reflect what beliefs the customers attached to the product. The mental aspect of thinking rationally about a product, perceptual process, judgment and mental images created by a product on a customer are some of the important areas that the marketers have to strategize on. The marketing department of an organization is tasked with a responsibility to unearth and understand why certain attitudes subsist amongst the consumers and find ways o changing them to the advan tage of the company in terms of increasing sales and purchasing.

Terrorism Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Terrorism - Term Paper Example Subsequently, he utilized this hard gained skill to conduct several campaigns of violence and intimidation. Prabhakaran used the LTTE cadres for this purpose, and his targets were the longstanding and moderate Tamil political leaders (Biziouras, 2012, p. 554). The LTTE membership was chiefly from the lower-caste Tamils hailing from the rural areas of the Northern Province of Sri Lanka. The leadership of the LTTE was replete with these lower-caste individuals, who brought about the institutionalization of the LTTE, by repeatedly emphasizing their intention to promote the lower castes in the independent Tamil state that they would be creating. This ideological posturing was nationalist, radical, and unique with respect to the traditional political parties of that region and the competing Tamil revolutionary groups (Biziouras, 2012, p. 555). The LTTE’s moves served to enhance Sinhalese apprehensions regarding the continued territorial integrity of Sri Lanka. In addition, the political and institutional solutions suggested by the traditional Tamil political leadership were rejected outright by the LTTE, which strongly promoted sustained armed struggle against the Sinhalese dominated Sri Lankan State (Biziouras, 2012, p. 555). During the 1970s, the LTTE and other armed Tamil groups embarked upon an armed struggle, with a view to seceding from Sri Lanka. This strife underwent considerable intensification, in the aftermath of the anti-Tamil riots. These riots transpired in July 1983 in Colombo and other parts of Sri Lanka. Several attempts were made to resolve this strife, notably in the years 1985, 1989-1990, and 1994-1995. However, these attempts ended in a fiasco, and the armed engagement between the LTTE and the Sri Lankan armed forces underwent an escalation in scope and intensity (Nadarajah & Sriskandarajah, 2005, p. 88). During that epoch, approximately 90,000 people lost their life, and the majority of

The Role of An Individual As It Comes From Toni Morrison Essay Example for Free

The Role of An Individual As It Comes From Toni Morrison Essay â€Å"If there’s a book you want to read, but it hasn’t been written yet, then you must write it. † (Morrison). In reading Toni Morrison’s short story â€Å"Recitatif,† there are several things that Morrison does for her readers that allow us to relate and make the story our own. Morrison is a prime example of how language and translation play a role in the reader’s experience and what the reader takes away from the story. In â€Å"Recitatif† Morrison also helps the reader understand how much the past affects one’s future. â€Å"The past is never dead, it’s not even past. † (William Faulkner, Requiem for a Nun). The way in which Toni Morrison begins â€Å"Recitatif† is crucial to understand the entire story. It is just as Faulkner has said in the aforementioned quote; the past is never dead. Twyla and Roberta have both been dramatically affected by their past and the stereotypes others have planted. Before Twyla and Roberta even got to talk more than a few words, Twyla had assumptions about Roberta, ideas constructed by her past. This is ever true for each of us. Based on the experiences and circumstances we previously endured, we mold our future. Our individuality is mainly based  on others in that because of what others inflict on us or walk with us through, we build our future. We are but the summation of our past. Thurmond 2 Both girls may have had already formed ideas about each other. However the reader cannot do the same. Morrison does not allow the reader to know which character is white and which is black. She does this to portray the difference between necessary characteristics and accidental characteristics. By not know which girl is which race, we cannot make automatic assumptions, this is known as accidental characteristics. Accidental characteristics are not  provided in a story but assumed, and dramatically affect perception. A necessary characteristic is purposely revealed in hopes that we as readers would mold our ideas of the story more closely with what the author intended. Virginia Woolf believed that the problem with 1920s authors was that they focused on the physical, not the mental, but Toni Morrison removes the physical so readers can more accurately assess the story. Morrison is very straight to the point. She says what she needs to say and does not say what she does not need to say. She is honest and blunt, and this helps readers to dig deeper than the text. Her language is very easy to understand, she eliminates any questions of confusion readers may have regarding the story. Also, by her putting the story into easy-to-understand language, it allows the reader to relate to her on a new level. Simple language and easy translation helps the audience take the story and make it their own, thus giving them a connection to the work. When a reader says a story â€Å"speaks† to them, perhaps this is what they mean. If a reader can easily understand the story, they can easily dig deeper and re-tell the story in a way that only they can. My version of â€Å"Recitatif† would be considerably different that  someone else’s because it means something different to me than to them. There are many things to be said about Toni Morrison and her story â€Å"Recitatif†. As it relates to language and translation, I do not think anyone would complain about her style. She has a way with words that allows the reader to, instead of evaluating the story, evaluate Thurmond 3 themselves through her story. Is this not what it is all about? As individuals, Morrison encourages us to be ourselves, because that is all we can be. We can shape our lives and tell our story in a way that no one else could; so be you, no one else can do that.

Abortion :: essays research papers

Good morning/afternoon ladies and gentleman. Today I am here to convince you without a doubt that abortion should be brought to an end. Points that I will be covering are the medical risks involved, economic support for the child, couples that do not have a chance to have a child and ¡K. The scientific definition of abortion is the termination of pregnancy of an embryo or of a fetus that is incapable of survival. There are over 131,000 abortions in Australia every year. Firstly: medical risks involved. Some short term or physical side effects such as: „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Infection „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bleeding „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Perforation of the uterus „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anaesthetic complications „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Deaths And as for that there are also long term side effects such as: „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cervical incompetence, in which the neck of the womb loses its capacity to hold the developing foetus in place, and he or she falls out of the uterus because of their weight and the force of gravity „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Abortion is thus associated with higher rates of miscarriage in subsequent pregnancies, usually in the second twelve weeks „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Infection acquired at the time of the operation can cause pelvic infection, decreased patency of the fallopian tubes and sterility. „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Adhesion can cause recurring abdominal pain and sterility. „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is now known that women having abortions and considerably more likely to suffer from breast cancer later in their life. My second point is the economic support for the child: Why do people that don ¡Ã‚ ¦t want kids have to have an abortion? There are always other factors that you can come to such as adoption. In third world countries, the people have a right to have children but do they have the opportunity? If they did have a child, how would they support it through the poverty? They don ¡Ã‚ ¦t even have enough food and water to support themselves at the moment. This clearly indicates to support the child you must be economically healthy. In a country like our own, we have all the resources at our fingertips, and why do people still question and rely on abortion? If people had a child or two, or maybe even more, we will still have enough resources to support us and our child healthy and we have resources that the third-world countries don ¡Ã‚ ¦t have. My third point is how many couples do not have the chance to have a child: Many childless couples on the other hand face long waiting lists in the hope they can adopt. Some 50,000 Australian couples a year apply to adopt children.